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Marine- Ocean

Ocean-Marine

Ocean Water, Features, Life and Life Zones, Resources, and Pollution

Study Guide

1.                      Name and describe the three temperature zones of the oceans.

Name	Description
Surface Zone	Warm-top layer of water Sunlight warms the top
Thermocline Zone	Second Layer temp. drops drastically because water doesn’t mix with top layer because of differences in density
Deep Zone	Bottom layer Very cold temp 1-2°C

2.                      What is salinity?

The measure of the amount of salt in the water

3.                      How did the ocean form based on the hypothesis?

No Oceans (4.5 billion years ago)àVolcanoes erupted and spewed ash and gases (one of the gases was water vapor)àWater Vapor built up in the atmosphereàEarth cooled and the water vapor condensedàClouds grew heavyàRain fell filling in the basins

4.                      Name three resources that come from the ocean.

Seaweed                  Fish                    Clams, Oysters, Mussels

Shrimp                    Natural Gas       Oil

Energy                    Fresh Water       Seafloor Minerals

Mammals

5.  What is desalination?   Where is desalination being used?  Why don’t we use it here in NC?

Removing the salt from the ocean wateràbeing used in middle eastern countries and areas that have no fresh water availableàNC doesn’t use it because of money and space used up on beach

6.                      Name some point source pollution that affects the ocean.

Trash Dumping

Sludge Dumping

Oil Spills

7.                      Explain why non-source pollution is so hard to stop.

Because it comes from some many spots that it is hard to identify the major area where it comes from

8.                      Explain the effects of oil spills.

Kills sea life, damages coast lines, covers birds and they can’t fly and drowned, harms businesses that rely on the ocean (tourism and food sources)

9.                      Name one way we can get energy from the ocean and explain how it is created.

Tidal energy—tide comes in and the dam up the water.  They let the water go during low tide and it turns the turbine.

Wave energy—Wave energy moves through the water and causes the turbine to move

10.             What is an estuary?  Why are they important?

Estuary—brackish water where fresh water mixes with ocean water

2/3 of all sea life spends a portion of their life here, migratory resting place for birds, and natural buffer absorbing water during storms, natural filter for river pollution headed to the ocean

11.             What are the four ocean life zones and describe characteristics of each.

Name of Zone	Description
Intertidal Zone	From High tide and low tide area, exposed to the air for a portion of the day, waves crashing here, animals have to deal with being exposed to air, from being pulled out to sea  (EX) Sea grasses, periwinkle snails, herons
Neritic Zone	From the low tide area to the continental shelf, area where coral reefs are found, receives lots of sunlight, warm area, low water pressure (EX) Fish, sea turtles, dolphins, corals, sponges
Oceanic Zone	From the continental slope to about 2000 meters deep, Contains deep water near the surface (EX) fishes, whales, sharks, plankton near top
Benthic Zone	From 2000 meters to the ocean floor, no sunlight, high water pressure, no food other than dead material falling down here (EX) bacteria, worms, sea urchins, anglerfish, viperfish

12.             Name the three types of animals, definition of each type, and examples of each.

Name	Definition	Examples
Plankton	Drifting organisms near top that rely on the ocean waves and currents to move, they photosynthesis	Phytoplankton-plant-like Zooplankton-animal-like
Nekton	Organisms that actively swim in the ocean	Dolphins, fish, seals, whales
Benthos	Organisms that live at the bottom of the sea/ocean	Crabs, sponges, seaweed, clams

13.             How do all three of the animals types depend on each other?

They all use each other for food sources.  If one animal type dies, it disrupts the food chain.

14.             Explain three ways that the ocean floor has been explored.

Sonar, R.O.V.’s, scuba, submersibles, satellites, vessels, underwater airplanes, sounding rope.

15.             Draw a small model of the ocean floor and label the following:  Mid-ocean ridge, seamount, trench, continental slope, continental shelf, abyssal plain, and rift valley.

16.             Explain three ways that ocean salinity can be changed.

Raised Salinity                       

*Evaporate the fresh water salt is left behind.

*Freeze water, salt is left behind

More Salt, Less Fresh Water—Raised Salinity         

Lower Salinity

*Fresh water added by rivers, more fresh water added

*Lots of precipitation, fresh water added

*Ice (glaciers, polar ice caps) melting, fresh water added

More fresh water, less salt—Lowered Salinity

17.             How can oil spills be prevented?

Double Hull tankers

Before                     Now

18.             What three things make up ocean water?

Pure Water

Dissolved Salts—Sodium Chloride, Magnesium, Fluorine, Sulfur

Dissolved Gases—CO_{2 and} O₂

19.             Why do we have laws to regulate overfishing?

To prevent the extinction of certain species of fish, to help preserve the numbers so that there will be fish in the future to eat

20.             How does ocean pollution affect businesses?

Limits tourism—because people can’t eat the contaminated food, can’t swim on the beach, won’t visit the resorts, etc.

21.             What is the Clean Water Act?

EPA in charge of giving permits for dumping trash in the ocean

22.             Explain the U.S. Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuary Act.

Prohibits the dumping of any material into the oceans that will harm humans, marine life, and businesses

23.             In 1989 a treaty was signed by 64 countries.  What was the purpose of this treaty?

Prohibits the dumping of certain metals, plastics, oil and radioactive materials in the ocean

Oceans

Review schedule for the month of March

Reviews will start on Tuesday March 1 and will be from 3 - 4 each Tuesday and Thursday as long as people sign up.  The Sign Up sheet is located on the board next to my desk.

Water Filtration lab....

Don't forget your materials for your water filtration lab.  You might want to bring in some of the following materials:    Don't forget your 2L bottles!!

Here is a list of sample items that could be used in the filtration device:

Sponges                                               Aquarium Filter

2 L Bottles                                           Strainers

Sand                                                    fabric-nylon

Gravel                                                  Kitty Litter (not used)

Marbles                                                Rubber Bands 

Cotton Balls                                         Scrap Metal

Screen

Plastic Tubing

Colander

Wood Chips

Sawdust

Packing Peanuts

Charcoal

Panty Hose

Clay

Ferry mon link for today's class

Ferry Mon-  then go to the current conditions link on left hand side of page